THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLAR FLARE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION AND NEUTRON PRODUCTION     

Lockwood  J. A.  Debrunner  H.  Ryan  J. M. 《Solar physics》1997,173(1):151-176

We have examined six solar neutron events measured by satellite instruments and/or neutron monitors (NM) to understand the relationship between the intensity–time profiles of the -ray lines, the pion-related -rays, and the neutron production. In all six events the solar neutron production was clearly time-extended. We find that neutron emission as detected by NMs most closely follows the emission of pion-related -rays, whereas lower energy neutron production may follow that of nuclear -ray line emissions. Although this distinction is not unexpected, it is safe to say that the 2.223 MeV -ray line from neutron capture on hydrogen is a poor measure of the neutron production at energies >200 MeV. During the three events on 1982, June 3, 1990, May 24 and 1991, June 4 solar neutrons with energies greater than 200 MeV were recorded by NMs. The NM increases on 1982, June 3 and 1990, May 24 can be modeled using the time profile of the pion-related -rays. For the 1991, June 4 event the NM signal was small but lasted for 60 min and the high-energy -ray data available to us are insufficient to conclude unambiguously that the high-energy neutron production followed the pion-related -rays. In the other three events on 1991, June 9, 11, and 15 solar neutrons with energies 10–100 MeV were observed by the COMPTEL -ray instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The duration of the low-energy neutron production on 1991, June 9 corresponded clearly to the high-energy and not to the low-energy -ray emission.  相似文献   

Dynamics of the Mackenzie River plume on the inner Beaufort shelf during an open water period in summer     

Ryan P. Mulligan  Will Perrie  Steve Solomon 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The oceanographic conditions of the Mackenzie River plume in the Arctic Ocean were examined during a 12-day period in August 2007. Field observations in the river channel and the delta region (2–6 m depth), ship-based observations on the shelf and satellite observations of sea surface temperatures indicate that movements of plume density fronts cause changes in water temperatures of over 10  C over a few days. We used a 1D model to compare the strength of stratification versus surface wind stress, and a 3D numerical model to simulate the plume motions under forcing from the river flows, local wind and water level variations from tides and wind-driven surge. The results indicate that the coastal region is stratified with a ∼2 m thick surface plume even in water depths of 3–4 m, resulting in strong vertical variation of horizontal currents. Moderate easterly winds of 5–10 m/s are sufficient to induce offshore transport of the surface plume and onshore transport of the deeper shelf water, leading to large fluctuations in temperature and salinity in the coastal region. This study examined a period of offshore transport and mean water level set-down, and indicates the rapid response of the plume to wind over the shallow delta.  相似文献   

Orbital elements, masses and distance of λ Scorpii A and B determined with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer and high-resolution spectroscopy     

W. J. Tango  J. Davis  M. J. Ireland  C. Aerts  K. Uytterhoeven  A. P. Jacob  A. Mendez  J. R. North  E. B. Seneta  P. G. Tuthill 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(2):884-890

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Galaxy–galaxy weak lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: intrinsic alignments and shear calibration errors     

Christopher M. Hirata  Rachel Mandelbaum  Uro&#; Seljak  Jacek Guzik  Nikhil Padmanabhan  Cullen Blake  Jonathan Brinkmann  Tamas Budávari  rew Connolly  Istvan Csabai  Ryan Scranton  Alexander S. Szalay 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,353(2):529-549

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Continual long-term monitoring of methane in wells above the Utica Shale using total dissolved gas pressure probes     

Roy  James W.  Bordeleau  Genevi&#;ve  Rivard  Christine  Ryan  M. Cathryn  Malet  Xavier  Brown  Susan J.  Tremblay  Vincent 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(3):1005-1019

Hydrogeology Journal - Monitoring of dissolved methane concentrations in groundwater is required to identify impacts from oil and gas development and to understand temporal variability under...  相似文献   

Probabilistic seismic source inversion from regional landslide evidence     

Rasanen  Ryan A.  Maurer  Brett W. 《Landslides》2022,19(2):407-419

Landslides - In regions of infrequent but potentially damaging seismicity, modern earthquake inventories may be insufficient to provide inputs to seismic hazard analyses (i.e., fault locations and...  相似文献   

Rethinking big data in digital humanitarianism: practices,epistemologies, and social relations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryan Burns 《GeoJournal》2015,80(4):477-490

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Quantified,multi-scale X-ray fluorescence element mapping using the Maia detector array: application to mineral deposit studies     

Louise A. Fisher  Denis Fougerouse  James S. Cleverley  Christopher G. Ryan  Steven Micklethwaite  Angela Halfpenny  Robert M. Hough  Mary Gee  David Paterson  Daryl L. Howard  Kathryn Spiers 《Mineralium Deposita》2015,50(6):665-674

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Extreme Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy of the Lower Solar Atmosphere During Solar Flares (Invited Review)     

Ryan O. Milligan 《Solar physics》2015,290(12):3399-3423

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Benchmark Test of Differential Emission Measure Codes and Multi-thermal Energies in Solar Active Regions     

Markus J. Aschwanden  Paul Boerner  Amir Caspi  James M. McTiernan  Daniel Ryan  Harry Warren 《Solar physics》2015,290(10):2733-2763

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